7/14/2023 0 Comments Sleepyhead app![]() 14.9 Q: I don't see any Flow Rate data.14.8 Q: I've downloaded my data from a ResMed S9 Elite, AutoSet, VPAP S, or VPAP Auto, and there is no detailed data and SleepyHead says I didn't use the machine.14.7 Q: How often do I need to import my data into SleepyHead?.14.6 Q: I forgot to put my SD card back into my CPAP after importing the data into SleepyHead.14.5 Q: Is there a list of keyboard short cuts and mouse tricks for SleepyHead?.14.4 Q: My computer doesn't have an SD card slot.14.3 Q: Will SleepyHead work on my computer?.14.2.1 NOTE AND WARNING for WIN 8.1 and Win 10 USERS.Why is this happening and what should I do? 14.2 Q: I imported my data into SleepyHead and when I put the card back into my ResMed S9, I get an error that says: " 'Invalid SD card, erase card data?".14.1 Q: Can SleepyHead change or erase the data on my SD card?.13.2 Tricks and shortcuts to manipulate graphs.13.1 Tricks for moving around SleepyHead and changing the appearance of the SleepyHead windows.12 Posting SleepyHead Graphs to the Forum.11 Manipulating Daily and Overview Graphs.10 Fancy Stuff: Other Data Available from SleepyHead.9.13.3 Sleepyhead Flow Limitation Example (Resmed).9.13.2 Examples of respiratory wave form abnormalities including Flow Limitation.9.12.4 The Snore Indices in SleepyHead and Encore.9.12.3 Snoring data on a Philips Respironics System One.9.12.2 Snoring data on a DeVilbiss IntelliPAP.9.11 How APAP machines respond to events.9.8 Sleep transition breathing and "False" events.9.7 Wake breathing and "False" events (Sleep-Wake-Junk).9.2 Basic scoring criteria for apneas and hypopneas.9.1 Flow Rate graph: A trace of every breath you took.9 Beyond AHI: Apneas and hypopneas in the Flow Rate graph.8.6 Mouth Breathing and Other Causes of Leaks.8.5 Problematic, Bad, and Horrible Leak Lines.8.4 Good and Decent Enough Leak/Total Leak lines.8.1 Difference between Total Leak Rate and Leak Rate.7.2.3 A detailed look at the Show Leak Redline option.6.2 A detailed look at the CPAP Statistics.6.1 Organization of the Statistics Page.6 Basic data interpretation: Statistics Data.5 Basic data interpretation: Overview Data.4.7.2.3 Bad and Horrible Leak/Total Leak Lines.4.7.2.2 Problematic Leak/Total Leak Lines.4.7.2.1 Great, Good, and Decent Enough Leak/Total Leak lines.4.7.2 Part II: Are my leaks bad enough to worry about?.4.7 The Leak Rate graph-a detailed look.4.6.1 Common concerns that people have about their Pressure graph.4.6 The Pressure graph-a detailed look.4.5.2 Robysue's Flow Rate Interpretation from Forum Posts.4.5.1 Inspiration Expiration Ratio (I:E Ratio).4.5 The Flow Rate graph-a detailed look.4.2 Left Sidebar Data-Statistical Data chart.4.1 Left Side Bar data-AHI and event data table.4 Basic data interpretation: Daily Detailed Data.3.1 Basic Parts of the SleepyHead Window in All Views.Make sure the SD card is in the SD slot or card reader. 2.3 Importing Data into SleepyHead AFTER the first time. ![]() 2.2 Importing Data into SleepyHead the FIRST time.2 Running SleepyHead for the first time.1.4 Reinstalling Sleepyhead and Attaching Existing Data.1.3.1.2 Default Data File and Screenshot Locations in Windows.1.3.1.1 Program Location and Broken-GL in Windows.1.1.1 Machines Supported by Sleepyhead 1.1.0 and OSCAR 1.1.0:.
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7/14/2023 0 Comments Zen swaddle sleep bag![]() ![]() ![]() Just for fun, what does ChatGPT-4 think is the best swaddle!? The first provides a more hands-on and personalized swaddling experience, whereas the second provides more efficient and consistent swaddling. Typically made with a soft fabric, swaddle wraps use velcro flaps or zip-up closures to wrap your baby.īoth are great options. Swaddle Wraps: These provide superior convenience and come fully pre-configured to easily wrap around your baby. Typically made of muslin cotton, swaddle blankets are sized perfectly for swaddling and can be wrapped in a variety of ways. Swaddle Blankets: These provide superior versatility by allowing you to wrap your baby yourself into the perfect custom swaddle. There are two main types of swaddles, the swaddle blanket and the swaddle wrap. If you buy products through links on our site, we may earn a commission. Most toddlers will wear a sleep bag while still in a crib and then transition into a sleep bag walker once they’re in a regular bed.Mommyhood101 independently tests and curates baby gear to help you make informed decisions. It usually isn’t a hard transition it just takes some time for them to learn to keep a blanket on. There’s no set age that you have to stop using one. So when should you stop using a sleep bag? Well, you can continue using one until they no longer fit! You may have an escape artist who won’t keep it on (make sure to try it backwards first) and they may decide they’re done with it themselves, but there’s no reason to stop otherwise. Sleep bags are helpful in deterring little ones from climbing out of the crib as well as keeping their diaper on (if you’ve got a diaper flinger). If your little one needs to be able to walk in the sleep bag, you can use a sleep bag walker for them! Most kids can fit into a sleep bag for quite a long time because Kyte Baby sleep bags are generously sized (in length) which allows for kids to wear them for years and years. Crib-related injuries account for thousands of trips to the emergency room every year according to a report from the Consumer Product Safety Commission. If you found that swaddling your little one took a special skill set, you’ll find a sleep bag much easier to use! They even make diaper changes easier because Kyte Baby bamboo sleep sacks have a double zipper, meaning you can unzip from the bottom and disturb your little one a lot less during night time diaper changes!Īnother bonus of using a sleep sack is that it can help prevent little limbs from getting in between the slats on the crib. A sleep bag can be used from birth if it fits! But most parents find that swaddling is helpful in the first few weeks to prevent them from startling awake as soon as you put them down. Most babies will transition out of the swaddle around 8 weeks or whenever they show signs of rolling. You can start using a Kyte Baby sleep bag whenever your little one transitions out of the swaddle (as long as it safely fits- you can reference the sizing guides if needed ). It can become a “lovey” to them when they’re too young to have a lovey in the crib with them and makes sleeping outside of their home much easier when traveling! Typically, when you use a sleep bag for every sleep, it becomes a positive sleep association. The AAP’s recommendation is that nothing is in the crib with your baby, just a tight fitted sheet until they’re 12+ months. ![]() It’s like a sleeping bag for your baby, except they can’t crawl out of it! Unlike a loose blanket, a sleep sack/sleep bag is like a “crib blanket” and will keep your child’s temperature regulated while keeping their sleep space safe. A sleep bag is also known as a sleep sack or baby wearable blanket. 7/13/2023 0 Comments Front wire for mac![]() A lot of monitors have built-in USB hubs, and in many cases, a 3′ cable can work with a traditional desk. Running a keyboard cable from the keyboard to the back of the desk and then to the computer sitting on the floor just can’t be done with a 3′ cable, especially when the USB ports are within 8″ of the floor. There is not a single USB port near the top on the rear of any Power Mac G3, G4, or G5 model, which would have been a nice touch for those who use their Power Macs on the floor. Part of the frustration is that while Apple was smart enough to finally have a front-facing USB port on the Power Mac G5, all of the USB ports are within 8″ of the floor. So what if the keyboard cable was only 3′ long – but trying to work with a big (20″ tall, 8″ wide, 19″ deep), heavy (36-49 lb.) Power Mac G5 on the floor with my keyboard and monitor on a desk, it doesn’t really work. I picked up 12 very used Power Mac G5 computers over the weekend, and it was okay sitting on the floor to check their configurations. That was great with iMacs and fine for Power Macs on the desktop, but for Power Macs sitting on the floor, not long enough. Just like before, the new “pro” keyboard had the same 3′ cable. These also made their way to the iMac line. It wasn’t until July 2000 that Apple introduced a full-fledged extended keyboard, the Apple Pro Keyboard, and a non-round mouse, the Apple Pro Mouse, for USB Macs. On the plus side, the Power Mac G4 had a more subdued graphite color palette, and the USB mouse (still round) and keyboard were updated to match that color scheme, but still with a short cable. When Apple released the Power Mac G4 later in 1999, the ADB port was gone, making the Power Mac USB only going forward. One nice feature of the Blue and White Power Mac G3 was that it retained a legacy ADB port, so longtime Mac users upgrading to it could keep their beloved extended keyboards and mice. Needless to say, this helped create a market for third-party USB extended keyboards with the traditional Mac layout. Apple actually shipped a 3′ USB extension cable rather than produce a second USB keyboard, which also left users with the truncated iMac keyboard. The problem was that if you put the new Power Mac on the floor, the keyboard’s 3′ cable just wasn’t long enough. And with a drawbridge door on the side, access to the computer’s interior had never been easier. ![]() On top of that, it was a big step forward in power – faster CPUs, faster data bus, faster graphics, more expansion slots. It was such a visual improvement over earlier beige Power Macs. ![]() The Blue and White Power Mac G3 was a beautifully sculpted and colorful computer aimed at pros, and if it sat on the desktop, it got a lot of attention. And it even had a Power key, just like ADB keyboards, although this was strictly in violation of the USB standard. And it had a pass-through for a USB mouse. ![]() Like the AppleDesign keyboard, the new USB keyboard had a built-in cable – but only 3′ long, which was perfect for use with the iMac. To keep the size of the keyboard more appropriate to the size of the iMac, Apple introduced a USB keyboard with an entirely new layout – and several keys traditionally found on extended keyboards went missing. However, Apple didn’t provide an extended keyboard with the iMac. In 1998, Steve Jobs gave the world the iMac, an all-in-one desktop computer reminiscent of the earliest Macs and The Jetsons. On the plus side, it still had ADB pass-through for the mouse. On the minus side, Apple dispensed with the coiled keyboard cable, and now you had a 6′ cable even if you were using it with a desktop computer just inches from your keyboard. On the plus side, you no longer had to worry about the keyboard end of the cable coming loose. Unlike earlier ADB keyboards, the AppleDesign had a built-in ADB cable. Then came the budget AppleDesign keyboard in 1994, the year that Apple introduced its first PowerPC Macs. PCs didn’t do that, and they had separate ports for mice and keyboards, adding to cable clutter. It really was a great time to be a Mac user. The ADB keyboards even had a Power button that let you turn on the Mac II (and most subsequent Macs) without having to reach around the back to use the computer’s power button. 7/13/2023 0 Comments Blood bowl 2 stats![]() Mix up these ingredients in a small bowl until everything dissolves together well! Mirin rice wine which helps tenderize meat while adding depth ![]() – Garlic powder/onions/garlic salt/ginger paste While there are many store-bought options available for convenience sake, making your own Teriyaki marinade takes no time at all! Plus homemade blends tend to allow better control over sweetness level etc. Then rinse under cold water and pat dry with paper towels.įor uniform cooking, pound your chicken breasts until an even thickness throughout. Start by trimming away any excess fat or skin (leaving some for flavor). We’ve got you covered with this step-by-step guide to perfect teriyaki chicken on the grill:īefore even thinking about seasoning or marinades, make sure your chicken is prepped properly for grilling. ![]() And when that chicken is seasoned with the sweet and savory flavors of teriyaki sauce? Well, let’s just say your taste buds will thank you.īut cooking teriyaki chicken on the grill can be tricky – too long on the heat and it could dry out not long enough and it won’t have those delicious char marks we all crave. When it comes to grilling, few things are more satisfying than a perfectly cooked piece of chicken. A Step-by-Step Guide to Perfect Teriyaki Chicken on the Grill Serve it up hot off the flames with some white rice and steamed vegetables for an easy and delicious meal. This type of cooking brings out the juicy flavor of the chicken with charred bits around the edges. After marinating for several hours, it is then grilled over high heat until cooked through. Teriyaki chicken on the grill is a dish that involves marinating boneless, skinless chicken in a sweet and savory Japanese sauce made from soy sauce, sugar, ginger and garlic.
7/13/2023 0 Comments Stream player![]() ![]() Once you’re logged in, you’ll be able to browse and watch all of the content that’s available through Cox Contour. Once you have the app installed, open it and sign in with your Cox account information. To do this, you’ll need to download the Cox Contour app to your digital media player. Once you’re logged in, you’ll be able to browse and watch all of the content that’s available through Cox Contour.įinally, you can also stream Cox Contour to your TV by using a digital media player like a Google Chromecast or Amazon Fire TV. To do this, you’ll need to download the Cox Contour app to your gaming console. Once you’re logged in, you’ll be able to browse and watch all of the content that’s available through Cox Contour.Īnother way to stream Cox Contour to your TV is to use a gaming console like Xbox One or PlayStation 4. To do this, you’ll need to download the Cox Contour app to your streaming device. One way to stream Cox Contour to your TV is to use a streaming device like a Roku, Apple TV, or Chromecast. Read also How To Contour And Highlight Step By Step In this article, we’ll walk you through the process of streaming Cox Contour to your TV using a variety of methods. If you’re looking to stream Cox Contour to your TV, there are a few different ways to do it. How do I stream Cox contour to my TV?Ĭox Contour is a popular live streaming service that provides its users with access to a wide range of live TV channels, movies, and other content. Once your TV is added, you can download Cox contour by clicking on the “Download” button. To add a new device, click on the “+” button, then select your TV’s manufacturer and model. Under the “TV” tab, you’ll see a list of all the devices that are currently registered to your account. Once you’re logged in, click on the “My Account” tab at the top of the page, then select the “TV” tab. If you don’t have a Cox contour account, you can create one by clicking on the “Register” button. From there, click on the “Sign In” button in the top-right corner of the page, then enter your username and password. Once it is, open your web browser and go to the Cox contour website. To do so, first make sure your smart TV is connected to the internet. Yes, Cox contour can be downloaded on a smart TV. ![]() 7 How do you set up a contour stream player?Ĭan I download Cox contour on my smart TV?.2 How do I stream Cox contour to my TV?.1 Can I download Cox contour on my smart TV?. 7/13/2023 0 Comments Ultraball tcgPlease remember it can take some time for your bank or credit card company to process and post the refund too. If approved, you’ll be automatically refunded on your original payment method. We will notify you once we’ve received and inspected your return, and let you know if the refund was approved or not. La ultraball de Pokémon GO es el complemento perfecto para cualquier jugador de Pokémon JCC. The fastest way to ensure you get what you want is to return the item you have, and once the return is accepted, make a separate purchase for the new item. Unfortunately, we cannot accept returns on sale items or gift cards. Please get in touch if you have questions or concerns about your specific item. We also do not accept returns for hazardous materials, flammable liquids, or gases. Please inspect your order upon reception and contact us immediately if the item is defective, damaged or if you receive the wrong item, so that we can evaluate the issue and make it right.Ĭertain types of items cannot be returned, like perishable goods (such as food, flowers, or plants), custom products (such as special orders or personalized items), and personal care goods (such as beauty products). You can always contact us for any return question at and issues Items sent back to us without first requesting a return will not be accepted. To start a return, you can contact us at If your return is accepted, we’ll send you a return shipping label, as well as instructions on how and where to send your package. You’ll also need the receipt or proof of purchase. To be eligible for a return, your item must be in the same condition that you received it, unworn or unused, with tags, and in its original packaging. Please note it generally takes about 1 - 3 working days for a refund to be processed.We have a 30-day return policy, which means you have 30 days after receiving your item to request a return. ![]()
7/13/2023 0 Comments Datathief quickStanding triumphantly on her one shoed foot, she smiles back at them, then slips herself into the car. Placing her shoeless left foot up into the car, she turns back to look at her pursuers who have just bolted from the building after her. In any case, she hobbles ahead of them, on one shoe and nylon/paper covered foot finally reaching an exit and getting out onto the street where her getaway car is waiting. After hiding successfully from her pursuers for a bit, she almost cries at the tension and the discomfort of walking/running in one heel builds. She ducks into a bathroom and realizes she can use paper towels under her to protect it somewhat - ok, so she will look like a homeless person with her dirty nylon covered foot protected only by bathroom tissue under her sole, but what can she do. She has to get herself to safety and better protect her foot while struggling with having lost her shoe. ![]() Frustrated, she continues down the stairs Her one shoeless foot now now really cold and *VERY*sore to walk on. She reaches to where she last saw her shoe and stops to look for it, but its gone! The bad guys still have it and all she has is a dirty little aching foot covered only by a nylon. She reaches the stairway and bolts down it, her one good shoe still making loud clacking loudly on the steps. She ducks under a desk to hide in an vacant office and They run past her. Spy Jade stops momentarily to caress her cold, shoeless left foot, then puts it back to the floor and hobbles on. Data Thief is a 3D VR puzzle game set in a technology-themed world where the player must solve a series of laser grid puzzles in order to steal priceless data. Thieves have high speed and agility but average attack power and defence power. Meanwhile her pursuers find her shoe and HEAR her clear one shoed footsteps (clack, pad, clack, pad) on the stairs above them and follow. Thief is a vocation in the Dragon Quest series. She hobbles up the stairs as her pursuers finally break through the door. All 312-50 Questions Which tool is used to automate SQL injections and exploit a database by forcing a given web application to connect to another database controlled by a hacker A. ![]() She runs up the stairs to get away, but as she climbs, she trips and fallsĪnd her left shoe comes off and drops down the stairs behind her.Jade looks back to where her shoe fell, then down at her shoeless foot, but realizes she has to keep going. Actual exam question from ECCouncils 312-50. When she walks into the hall she comes face to face with two company reps who ask what shes doing? She and then takes off down the hall! The women pursue, but Jade gets to a stairwell and locks the door behind her slams the door behind her. (High Definition Version) Super Spy Jade breaks into an office after hours to download sensitive information onto a flash drive. 7/13/2023 0 Comments Tinderbox of europe![]() “For millions of children every year, these sachets of therapeutic paste are the difference between life and death. Shipping and delivery costs are also expected to remain high. ![]() This could leave up to 600,000 additional children without access to life-saving treatment at current spending levels. Meanwhile, the price of ready-to-use therapeutic food is projected to increase by up to 16 per cent over the next six months due to a sharp rise in the cost of raw ingredients. UNICEF warns that a combination of global shocks to food security worldwide – led by the war in Ukraine, economies struggling with pandemic recovery, and persistent drought conditions in some countries due to climate change – is creating conditions for a significant increase in global levels of severe wasting. “The world is rapidly becoming a virtual tinderbox of preventable child deaths and child suffering from wasting.”Ĭurrently, at least 10 million severely wasted children – or 2 in 3 – do not have access to the most effective treatment for wasting, ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF). “Even before the war in Ukraine placed a strain on food security worldwide, conflict, climate shocks and COVID-19 were already wreaking havoc on families’ ability to feed their children,” said UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell. ![]() Released today, Severe wasting: An overlooked child survival emergency shows that in spite of rising levels of severe wasting in children and rising costs for life-saving treatment, global financing to save the lives of children suffering from wasting is also under threat. NEW YORK, - The number of children with severe wasting was rising even before war in Ukraine threatened to plunge the world deeper into a spiralling global food crisis - and it’s getting worse, UNICEF warned in a new Child Alert. ![]() Are you needing to be rescued? Hold out your hands. We’re excited to share with you the story behind their song I Will Fear No More. There is nowhere we are that He is not near. This week’s featured song story comes to us from The Afters. He is with us on every side, in the shallow and in the deep. As The Afters were working on the song, one of Havens closest friends from high school told him that his wife had been diagnosed with stage four cancer. The Afters remind us that God is fighting for us. ![]() "A time to weep, and a time to laugh a time to mourn, and a time to dance" ~ Ecclesiastes 3:4 1. Mix - Battles - Lyric Video The Afters Hillsong Worship, The Afters, Elevation Worship, and more Giants Fall - Lyric Video Francesca Battistelli LANDONS LYRIC VIDEOS 2. I think you will find them encouraging and filled with hope at least for the next hour or so but my guess is they’ll become favorites long into the future. ![]() Turn up the volume and enjoy these 10 upbeat Christian songs by some of the current greats in Christian music. Your promise, the hope that I cling to, My rescue, my friend you come rushing in. More from The Beginning & Everything After Well Done I Will Fear No More Light Up the Sky Lift Me Up Battles Beautiful Love Never Going Back to OK. Time after time youre my refuge, You heal every scar youre guarding my heart. Perhaps you need to hear that Jesus is for you when all others seem to be against you. When my feet are failing And my heart is shaking Youre fighting my battles. Josh Havens, lead vocalist, explains, “We hope that when you listen to the lyrics, God’s peace that passes all understanding would just wash over you and remind you that He’s in control.Let them praise his name with dancing, making melody to him with tambourine and lyre! ~ Psalm 149:3Īre you needing a little pep in your step about now? Either to start your day off right or finish it up with a little boost of energy? Maybe you are needing a little strength for the battle or to be reminded that God’s love is near. Many fans have already taken advantage of this free offering, as over 2,000 people have downloaded the track in the first days since it was posted. The song has been streamed over 8.5 million times, has over 8 million combined views of the two official music videos, and is rising on the Billboard Christian radio chart as people find comfort and strength in the message. Piano/Vocal (SATB) Details Bb A, Bb 4/4 Darkness, Power, Overcoming, Shelter, Fear, Lord, Battle, Fight, Strength, Worry, Courage, Control, Remember, Future. Now, the band prays that the message of “I Will Fear No More” will cover listeners with the promise of God’s peace that passes understanding, and can be sung as an anthem against anxiety.ĭan Ostebo, bassist for The Afters, shares, “One thing I know for certain is that God is on the throne, that God is in control, that He’s fought the battles of fear and anxiety that are crippling you at this very moment.”Įven before the single was released to radio, “I Will Fear No More” became an anthem for many struggling with anxiety. The “I Will Fear No More” download, along with videos and extra resources, can be found online.Įach member of The Afters has individually struggled with anxiety, and the song was initially written in response to this shared struggle. “I Will Fear No More” is an invitation to declare victory against these feelings of fear, worry, and anxiety. The After Lyrics Intro Uh, hello Oh, hey, youre probably here to see Frank, huh Whos Frank Youll see Go ahead, take a seat Hows it going Good Uh, quick question, though, where am I. ![]() Many people are struggling in the grip of unemployment, self-isolation, and COVID-19, and feel overwhelmed in a constant news-cycle where uncertainty and panic is a headline. To give hope in these uncertain times, acclaimed Dove Award-winning band The Afters is offering listeners a free download of their current single “I Will Fear No More”. 7/12/2023 0 Comments Festival of saturnaliaSaturnalia also saw the inversion of social roles. Children could play at home and receive toys as gifts. Men and women would dress in brightly coloured tunics called synthesis (meaning “put together”), creating a carnivalesque atmosphere. Dress codes were relaxed, and the whole population ditched the traditional toga in favour of something more relaxed and comfortable. All schools were closed, and most businesses were suspended. In addition to the large-scale public feasts at the Temple of Saturnus, there was lots of eating and drinking at home and slaves were allowed to join in. Images of Saturn were placed around the altar, candles were lit, and a suckling pig was sacrificed to the god. Garlands and evergreen wreaths bearing red berries were hung over doorways and windows. During the winter festival, the Romans decorated their homes with gr eenery. Hadrian is set among foliage, holly (sacred to Saturn), pine leaves, candles and images of the god Saturn. Freedmen traditionally wore these pointy hats, but during Saturnalia, all men, regardless of status, wore the pilleum. Hadrian is wearing the pilleum, as was the tradition during the festival. I made my own Saturnalia altar to celebrate the festive season in style. It was followed by several days of feasting and fun. The Remains of the Temple of Saturn in the Roman Forum (left).Īfter the official rituals, the celebrants would go out to the streets and shout the holiday greeting ‘IO Saturnalia’. ![]() ![]() A public banquet followed ( convivium publicum). The cult statue of Saturnus was usually tied together with wool throughout the year, but during his festival, it was freed from his chains as an act of liberation. Following the sacrifice, a lectisternium was held by placing the deity’s image on a sumptuous couch ( lectus) with tables and offerings before him, as if Saturnus was partaking of the things offered in sacrifice and participating in the festivities. In Rome, the celebrations began with a sacrifice at the Temple of Saturnus, located at the western end of the Forum Romanum and thought to be the oldest Roman temple. Saturn, with his head protected by a winter cloak, holding a sickle in his right hand, fresco from the House of the Dioscuri at Pompeii. Depictions of the god in surviving art show him as a bearded man wearing a veil and brandishing a sickle or a scythe (the symbols of his agricultural function). Exiled from Olympus by Zeus, Saturnus ruled Latium in a happy and innocent “golden age”, a time when peace, harmony and prosperity prevailed. The Romans equated him with the Greek agricultural deity Kronos. Saturnus, who gave his name to the festival, was regarded as the chief of the Roman gods. It was undoubtedly the most popular holiday in the Roman calendar. Saturnalia was described by 1st century AD poet Gaius Valerius Catullus as “the best of days”. Wood writing tablet with a letter written in ink making reference to the supply of food for the Saturnalia festival. According to Macrobius, the celebration of Saturnalia was extended with the Sigallaria on the 10th day before the Kalends (December 23), so named for the small terracotta figurines sold in Roman shops and given as gifts to children. The emperor Augustus shortened it to a three-day holiday during his reign, but Caligula later extended it to five days. However, by the end of the Republic, the festival was so popular that it expanded to cover a week. With the Julian reform of the calendar, Saturnalia was celebrated sixteen days before the Kalends of January (December 17). ![]() Originally the festival was celebrated on a single day, on the fourteenth before the Kalends of January (December 19), but it was later extended to three days. Despite Livy’s claim that the festival was established in 496 BC, there is evidence that it began much earlier. Saturnalia originated as a farmer’s festival to mark the end of the autumn planting season in honour of Saturnus. Playing games was an important feature of the Saturnalia celebrations. ![]() (Macrobius, Saturnalia, I.10.3) Illustration from the 4th century AD depicting a man enjoying a game of dice. Long awaited, the seven Saturnalia are now at hand. It was the merriest festival of the year, and all work and business were suspended. The midwinter celebrations lasted for several days (the number changed through the Roman era), and it was a time of feasting, partying, playing games, gift-giving and role-reversal. December 17 marked the beginning of Saturnalia, one of the most popular festivals in Ancient Rome. |